The Southern Ocean is one of the key drivers of the Earth’s climate. Circumnavigating the Antarctic continent and connecting the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic ocean basins, it plays a critical role in sustaining ocean biodiversity, global ocean heat uptake and carbon dioxide absorption. So, it is very important to fully understand the circulation dynamics of the Southern Ocean and how this may change in response to a changing climate.
The Southern Ocean is characterised by brine rejection due to sea ice formation near Antarctica, a sharp thermal gradient as you move northwards and strong, persistent westerly winds around Antarctica. All of these factors significantly impact circulation patterns in the Southern Ocean, resulting in a strong current known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). There is also deepwater formation near Antarctica, which travels northward all the way up to the North Atlantic.
Modern large-scale ocean models which seek to shed light on this topic are unable to fully characterise small-scale ocean processes like convection. My research seeks to address this shortfall, and I use a high-resolution, turbulence-resolving model of the Southern Ocean to do so. By varying the surface wind and temperature, I am able to quantify the overturning circulation of the Southern Ocean with the presence of convection.
My PhD is slated to finish in November 2019.
